Euclid - traduction vers néerlandais
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Euclid - traduction vers néerlandais

ANCIENT GREEK MATHEMATICIAN, INVENTOR OF AXIOMATIC GEOMETRY
EucliD; Euclid of Alexandria; Euklid; Εὐκλείδης; Evclid; Euclid Of Alexandria; Eukleidēs; Draft:Euclid's contribution in mathematics
  • Detail of [[Raphael]]'s impression of Euclid, teaching students in ''[[The School of Athens]]'' (1509–1511)
  • Oliver Byrne]]'s 1847 colored edition of the ''Elements''
  • A painting from the 1650s by [[Domenico Maroli]], depicting the philosopher [[Euclid of Megara]]. At the time, Euclid the philosopher and Euclid the mathematician were wrongly considered the same person, so this painting includes mathematical objects on the table.
  • Euclid's construction of a regular [[dodecahedron]]
  • pp=210–211}}

Euclid         
Euclid, (c300 B.C.) Greek mathematician, father of Euclidean geometry
Euclid's elements      
Euclides elementen, geometrische fundamenten
plane geometry         
  • A disproof of Euclidean geometry as a description of physical space. In a 1919 test of the general theory of relativity, stars (marked with short horizontal lines) were photographed during a solar [[eclipse]]. The rays of starlight were bent by the Sun's gravity on their way to Earth. This is interpreted as evidence in favor of Einstein's prediction that gravity would cause deviations from Euclidean geometry.
  • A sphere has 2/3 the volume and surface area of its circumscribing cylinder. A sphere and cylinder were placed on the tomb of Archimedes at his request.
  • Congruence of triangles is determined by specifying two sides and the angle between them (SAS), two angles and the side between them (ASA) or two angles and a corresponding adjacent side (AAS). Specifying two sides and an adjacent angle (SSA), however, can yield two distinct possible triangles unless the angle specified is a right angle.
  • invariant]]s and studying them is the essence of geometry.
  • René Descartes. Portrait after [[Frans Hals]], 1648.
  • The parallel postulate (Postulate 5): If two lines intersect a third in such a way that the sum of the inner angles on one side is less than two right angles, then the two lines inevitably must intersect each other on that side if extended far enough.
  • Squaring the circle: the areas of this square and this circle are equal. In 1882, it was proven that this figure cannot be constructed in a finite number of steps with an idealized [[compass and straightedge]].
MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM ATTRIBUTED TO EUCLID
Geometry in R2; Euclid's postulates; Plane Geometry; Euclidean Geometry; Euclidian geometry; Geometry Postulates; Two dimensional geometry; Two-dimensional geometry; Noncoordinate geometry; Orthogonal geometry; Euclid's axioms; Euclidean geometry of the plane; Euclid axioms; Euclid postulates; Euclidean axioms; Axioms of geometry; Euclidean plane geometry; Fundamental concepts of geometry; Plane geometry; Classical geometry; Planar geometry; Geometry of Euclid; Euclid's second postulate; Euclid's third postulate; Euclid's fourth postulate; Applications of Euclidean geometry; 2D geometry
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Définition

Euclid
·noun A Greek geometer of the 3d century ·b.c.; also, his treatise on geometry, and hence, the principles of geometry, in general.

Wikipédia

Euclid

Euclid (; Greek: Εὐκλείδης; fl. 300 BC) was an ancient Greek mathematician active as a geometer and logician. Considered the "father of geometry", he is chiefly known for the Elements treatise, which established the foundations of geometry that largely dominated the field until the early 19th century. His system, now referred to as Euclidean geometry, involved new innovations in combination with a synthesis of theories from earlier Greek mathematicians, including Eudoxus of Cnidus, Hippocrates of Chios, Thales and Theaetetus. With Archimedes and Apollonius of Perga, Euclid is generally considered among the greatest mathematicians of antiquity, and one of the most influential in the history of mathematics.

Very little is known of Euclid's life, and most information comes from the philosophers Proclus and Pappus of Alexandria many centuries later. Until the early Renaissance he was often mistaken for the earlier philosopher Euclid of Megara, causing his biography to be substantially revised. It is generally agreed that he spent his career under Ptolemy I in Alexandria and lived around 300 BC, after Plato and before Archimedes. There is some speculation that Euclid was a student of the Platonic Academy and later taught at the Musaeum. Euclid is often regarded as bridging the earlier Platonic tradition in Athens with the later tradition of Alexandria.

In the Elements, Euclid deduced the theorems from a small set of axioms. He also wrote works on perspective, conic sections, spherical geometry, number theory, and mathematical rigour. In addition to the Elements, Euclid wrote a central early text in the optics field, Optics, and lesser-known works including Data and Phaenomena. Euclid's authorship of two other texts—On Divisions of Figures, Catoptrics—has been questioned. He is thought to have written many now lost works.

Exemples du corpus de texte pour Euclid
1. Euclid, Proposition 64: Numbers cannot err but what does knot in the handkerchief stand for?
2. Sunita Williams Age: 41 Hometown: Born in Euclid, Ohio, but considers Needham, Mass., her hometown.
3. Across the Red River and farther north, in Euclid, Minn., Don Strickler, 63, describes wheat as "a necessary evil." Most years, he explained, farmers lose money on it.
4. EUCLID, Ohio –– A gunman burst into a medical building and held his ex–girlfriend hostage before fatally shooting himself in the head, police said.
5. Crocheting what Euclid couldn‘t grasp A visiting scholar at Cornell University has taken both the math world and, more recently, the art world by storm with a touchable form of advanced geometry.